Abstract Background: Syphilis in its different phases may be a difficult diagnosis in clinical and histopathological grounds. Objectives: The present study objectives were to evaluate the detection and tissue distribution of Treponema pallidum in skin lesions of syphilis. Methods: A blinded diagnostic accuracy study was performed with immunohistochemistry and Warthin-Starry silver staining in skin samples from patients with syphilis and other diseases. Patients attended two tertiary hospitals between 2000 and 2019. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the association between immunohistochemistry positivity and clinical-histopathological variables. Results: Thirty-eight patients with syphilis and their 40 biopsy specimens were included in the study. Thirty-six skin samples were used as non-syphilis controls. The Warthin-Starry technique was unable to accurately demonstrate bacteria in all samples. Immunohistochemistry showed spirochetes only in skin samples from patients with syphilis (24/40) with 60% sensitivity (95% CI 44.8-75.2). Specificity was 100% and accuracy, 78.9% (95% CI 69.8-88.1). Most cases had spirochetes in both dermis and epidermis and there was a high bacterial load. Study limitations: Correlation between immunohistochemistry and clinical or histopathological characteristics was observed but was limited statistically due to the small sample size. Conclusions: Spirochetes were promptly seen in an immunohistochemistry protocol, which can contribute to the diagnosis of syphilis in skin biopsy samples. On the other hand, the Warthin-Starry technique showed to be of no practical value.

RESUMO Uma metodologia alternativa ao método da ISO 22866, para medir deriva em campo foi desenvolvida no Departamento de Agricultura, Silvicultura, e Economia e Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade de Turin, Itália. Este novo método, denominado de “test bench”, pode ser aplicado para condições de vento diferentes daquelas possíveis na ISO 22866. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar o potencial de deriva de três pontas de pulverização em duas pressões de trabalho e duas alturas da barra de pulverização utilizando o método test bench em condições de clima subtropical. O trabalho foi realizado em Bandeirantes, PR, entre 2018 e 2019 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos, constituídos de três pontas de pulverização, as quais foram usadas nas pressões de trabalho mínima e máxima e duas alturas da barra de pulverização com quatro repetições. As pontas utilizadas foram XR11002 (100 e 400 kPa), AIXR11002 (100 e 600 kPa) e ATR 2.0 (400 e 2000 kPa), operando nas alturas da barra de pulverização de 0,50 e 1,00 m. O test bench possibilita avaliar a deriva nas condições climáticas subtropicais, evidenciando que as alterações nas condições meteorológicas, pontas e pressão são decisivas no potencial de deriva de pulverizadores de barra. A umidade relativa do ar e a pressão de trabalho foram os fatores mais determinantes no potencial de deriva das pontas de pulverização, enquanto a altura da barra de pulverização não influenciou no potencial de deriva.

ABSTRACT As an alternative to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) method 22866, a method for the field measurement of spray drift was developed in the Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Economics and Engineering of the University of Turin, Italy. This new method, termed “test bench,” can be applied for wind conditions beyond those covered in ISO 22866. The aim of this study was to quantify the drift potential of three nozzles at two working pressures and two sprayer boom heights using the test bench method, under subtropical climate conditions. The experiment was conducted at Bandeirantes, Paraná State, Brazil, from 2018 to 2019 in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments, wherein three nozzles were used at the minimum and maximum working pressures, and two boom heights were tested, with four replicates for each combination. The following nozzles were used: XR11002 (100 and 400 kPa), AIXR11002 (100 and 600 kPa), and ATR 2.0 (400 and 2000 kPa), operating at boom heights of 0.50 and 1.00 m. The test bench method allows for drift assessment under subtropical climate conditions, and the results revealed that changes in meteorological conditions, nozzles, and pressure are key factors affecting the drift potential of boom sprayers. Relative air humidity and working pressure were the most important determining factors of the drift potential of the nozzles, whereas boom height had no effect on drift potential.

ABSTRACT. Selection practices are maximized when plant breeders have the availability of consolidated parameters, which will guide direct and indirect selection methods. This study aimed to apply a biometric alternative to minimize residual variance and maximize selection parameters by parent-progeny regression, interim controls, and mixed linear models intrinsic to breeding. The obtained data were subjected to the assumptions of the statistical model, which identified the normality and homogeneity of the residual variances and model additivity. Subsequently, two analysis scenarios were created. The first preserved all information obtained in the experiment, both from segregating families and pure-line cultivars, and was called original scenario. The other scenario preserved progeny data, but the residual variability of controls was restricted using as criterion observations contained between the interval of the first sample standard deviation. Thereby, an acceptable residue limit could be obtained. Both scenarios were submitted to three consolidated frequentist methods (genitor-progeny regression; sum of squares of augmented block design with interim controls; and mixed linear models, wherein random genetic effects are taken as weighted genetic parameters by the genealogical matrix). Restricting residual variation in parents or controls can maximize genetic parameters and genetic gains in soybean breeding. Significant heritability estimate gains were obtained in the augmented blocks with interim control approach. Mixed linear models with random genetic effects can be considered a great tool to obtain genetic parameters in experiments with a high magnitude of common and regular treatments.

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the adequate period for the beginning of weed management in lettuce crop can increase the efficiency of production, reducing the costs with management. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-interference period (PIP), the critical time for weed removal (CTWR) and the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in three lettuce cultivars, Elisa, Lucy Brown and Solaris. Coexistence and the absence of weeds were evaluated for each cultivar. The design was in randomized blocks with seven treatments (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after transplanting - DAT) of coexistence and the same seven periods of weed absence with four replicates in each experiment. The highest infestation densities were with the species Oxalis latifolia, Coronopus didymus and Amaranthus hybridus. The leaf area and number of leaves per plant were reduced by up to 50% and 66%, respectively, in relation to the longest period of coexistence with weeds and yield reduced by 48% (Elisa), 40% (Lucy Brown) and 33% (Solaris). The cultivar Solaris showed greater tolerance to weed interference. Based on yield, PIP was 1, 3 and 3 DAT and CTWR was 37, 37 and 35 DAT, and CPWC was 2 to 37, 3 to 37 and 3 to 35 for the cultivars Elisa, Lucy Brown and Solaris, respectively.

RESUMO O conhecimento do período adequado para início do manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura da alface pode aumentar a eficiência de produção reduzindo os custos com o manejo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar o período anterior à interferência (PAI), o período total de prevenção da interferência (PTPI) e o período crítico de prevenção da interferência (PCPI) em três cultivares de alface, Elisa, Lucy Brown e Solaris. Foram avaliadas a convivência e a ausência de plantas daninhas para cada cultivar. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos [0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias após transplantio (DAT)] de convivência e os mesmos sete períodos de ausência de plantas daninhas com quatro repetições em cada experimento. As maiores densidades de infestação foram com as espécies Oxalis latifolia, Coronopus didymus e Amaranthus hybridus. A área foliar e número de folhas por planta foram reduzidas em até 50% e 66% respectivamente em função do maior período de convivência com as plantas daninhas e produtividade foi reduzida em 48% (Elisa), 40% (Lucy Brown) e 33% (Solaris). A cultivar Solaris apresentou maior tolerância à interferência das plantas daninhas. Com base nos dados de produtividade o PAI foi de 1, 3 e 3 DAT e o PTPI foi de 37, 37 e 35 DAT, sendo o PCPI de 2 a 37, 3 a 37 e 3 a 35 para as cultivares Elisa, Lucy Brown e Solaris, respectivamente.

Disposal of plastics into the environment has been one of the major problems for the environment. The accumulation of polystyrene (PS) occurs in an accelerated way and, therefore, its reuse is challenging. Polystyrene nanocomposites impregnated with Ag nanoparticles (PS/AgNP) are generated from polystyrene residues and can be applied in the catalytic and plasmonic photo-catalytic reduction of phenolic compounds such as p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP). The AgNP were synthesized by a reverse micelle method resulting in nanoparticles with sizes in a range of 31.1-34.0 nm. The organocolloid was characterized by UV Vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS), demonstrating the preparation of spherical nanoparticles. The preparation of the PS/AgNP, obtained using a thermally induced phase separation method (TIPS), was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and Fourier transform visible infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nanocomposites showed impressive performance in the catalytic and plasmonic photocatalytic reduction under blue light irradiation, reaching up to 98% conversion, being a promising material for wastewater treatment as well as other various environmental issues. We used blue light to observe the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles, and no previous reports of this composite for PNP reduction using blue light photocatalysis were found.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to present some reflections on dossier Education, Health and Childcare: knowledge, expertise and social practices. Its organization brings together articles that intend to debate public and/or private initiatives produced by intellectuals and/or institutions in the context of the institutionalization of scientific knowledge and care models related to public health, guardianship actions and the education of children. To this attempt, it is a collection of ten articles resulting from research with varied documentary repertoires and theoretical-methodological references that express possible trends and perspectives of analysis about the production of knowledge in the field of human sciences. In this way, the articles contribute to thoughts that are anchored on issues related to philanthropy; public health, interdiction and education policies; subjects related to school hygiene, schooling processes, welfare and education institutions, as well as enhancing analyses on the role of intellectuals and institutions in different spaces/times that take childhood as the mobilizing axis of reflections and research.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar algunas reflexiones sobre el dossier Educación, Salud y Puericultura: saberes, conocimientos y prácticas sociales. En su organización, reúne artículos que pretenden debatir iniciativas públicas y/o privadas producidas por intelectuales y/o instituciones en el ámbito de la institucionalización del conocimiento científico y modelos de asistencia relacionados con la salud pública, acciones de tutela y educación infantil. Con ese propósito, presentamos un conjunto de diez artículos resultantes de investigaciones con variados repertorios documentales y referentes teórico-metodológicos, que expresan tendencias y perspectivas de posibles análisis sobre la producción de conocimiento en el campo de las ciencias humanas. De esta forma, los artículos contribuyen a reflexiones que se anclan en temas relacionados con la filantropía; políticas de salud pública, interdicción y educación; cuestiones relacionadas con la higiene escolar, los procesos de escolarización, las instituciones de cuidado y educación, así como a enriquecer los análisis sobre el papel de los intelectuales y las instituciones en diferentes espacios/tiempos que toman a la infancia como eje movilizador de reflexiones e investigaciones.

RESUMO Este artigo tem como intuito apresentar algumas reflexões acerca do dossiê Educação, Saúde e assistência às infâncias: saberes, conhecimentos e práticas sociais. Em sua organização reúne artigos que tencionam debater iniciativas públicas e ou privadas produzidas por intelectuais e ou instituições no âmbito da institucionalização de conhecimentos científicos e de modelos de assistência relacionados com a saúde pública, as ações tutelares e a educação das infâncias. Com esse intento, congrega dez artigos decorrentes de pesquisas com variados repertórios documentais e referenciais teórico-metodológicos que expressam tendências e perspectivas de análises possíveis acerca da produção de conhecimentos no âmbito das ciências humanas. Deste modo, os artigos contribuem para reflexões que se ancoram em temáticas relacionadas à filantropia; às políticas públicas de saúde, de interdição e de educação; as problemáticas relativas à higiene escolar, aos processos de escolarização, as instituições de atendimento assistencial e de educação, bem como potencializam analises sobre o papel dos intelectuais e das instituições em diferentes espaços/tempos que tomam às infâncias como eixo mobilizadores de inflexões e de pesquisas.

ABSTRACT Sequential crops may be affected by herbicide residuals in the soil. In corn crop there are reports of problems when the crop is sown soon after application of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety intervals for the application of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides before sowing corn in different soils. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, and in the field conditions. In both, the experimental design were completely randomized in factorial scheme 6x4+1 (6 periods of application x 4 herbicides + 1 control) with five replications. The treatments were: haloxyfop-P-methyl (124.7 g ha-1), clethodim – formulation 1 (192 g ha-1), quizalofop-P-ethyl (100 g ha-1) and clethodim formulation 2 (192 g ha-1) in applications at 15, 10, 5, 3, 1 and 0 days before sowing in sandy and clayey soil. In the greenhouse, formulations based on clethodim were more safety in both types of soils, and safety intervals for clethodim-based herbicides were 5 days and greater than 15 days for quizalofop-P-ethyl and haloxyfop. Haloxyfop should not be applied on day of sowing in clay soil. In the field none of the treatments compromised the development and yield of the crop, even when applied on the day of sowing.

Resumo A entrevista aborda a participação de Margarida de Souza Neves, professora emérita da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, na criação do Programa de Pós-graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Para celebrar os 20 anos de existência do PPGHCS, professores que passaram pela coordenação se reúnem com a entrevistada para refletir sobre os significados da formação de um programa na área de história especializado em pesquisas sobre ciências e saúde no Brasil.

Abstract This interview explores the participation of Margarida de Souza Neves, professor emeritus at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, in the creation of the Graduate Program in the History of the Sciences and Health at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. To celebrate the twentieth anniversary of this graduate program, professors who have served as coordinators met with Professor Neves to reflect on the meanings of shaping a program in the area of history specializing in research on science and health in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar possíveis mecanismos atribuídos ao valor prognóstico da reserva microvascular isquêmica periférica em pacientes com sepse. Métodos: Este estudo de coorte observacional incluiu 46 pacientes consecutivos com sepse em uma unidade de terapia intensiva entre novembro de 2020 e outubro de 2021. Após a ressuscitação volêmica com fluidos, avaliou-se a reserva microvascular isquêmica periférica mediante a associação dos testes hiperemia reativa pós-oclusão e índice de perfusão periférica. Adicionalmente, amostras de sangue venoso periférico foram coletadas para avaliar os níveis dos neuropeptídeos substância P e peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina no membro superior do paciente antes e imediatamente após o teste de hiperemia reativa pós-oclusão. Resultados: Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05) entre os valores basais ou variações dos níveis de neuropeptídeos e a reserva microvascular isquêmica periférica. Conclusão: Embora o peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina e a substância P possam desempenhar papel prognóstico na sepse, esses neuropeptídeos não parecem contribuir para a reserva microvascular isquêmica periférica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mechanisms attributed to the prognostic value of peripheral ischemic microvascular reserve in patients with sepsis. Methods: This observational cohort study enrolled 46 consecutive septic patients in the intensive care unit between November 2020 and October 2021. After fluid resuscitation, the peripheral ischemic microvascular reserve was evaluated using the association of postocclusion reactive hyperemia with the peripheral perfusion index. Additionally, peripheral venous blood samples were used to evaluate the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P levels in the upper limb before and immediately after postocclusion reactive hyperemia Results: There was no statistically significant correlation (p > 0.05) between basal values (pg/mL) or variations from neuropeptide levels (%) and the peripheral ischemic microvascular reserve (%). Conclusion: Although calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P may have a prognostic role in sepsis, these neuropeptides do not appear to contribute to peripheral ischemic microvascular reserve.

ABSTRACT Amaranthus hybridus is a C4 broadleaf species widely spread across Brazilian agricultural territory. Recently, several herbicide resistance reports have been documented in southern Brazil, including the reports for enolpyruvilshikymate-3-phosphate (EPSPS)- and acetolactate-synthase (ALS)- inhibitors. The objective of this study was to confirm the existence of an ALS resistant (R) A. hybridus population from Paraná state. Dose-response experiments were conducted with R and a known susceptible (S) population with herbicides from three different chemical groups of ALS inhibitors. Biomass relative to untreated control was quantified and GR50 (dose for 50% of biomass reduction), GR90 (dose for 90% of biomass reduction) and resistant index (RI) were calculated based on non-linear regression analysis. The R population was 6.9-fold resistant to chlorimuron-ethyl and 6.5-fold resistant to metsulfuron-ethyl (sulfonylureas - SUL). Additionally, the recommended rates from each herbicide was not sufficient to reach 90% control to R based on GR90 parameter estimation. There was no resistance to imazethapyr (imidazolinone - IMI) and cloransulan-methyl (triazolopyrimidine - TRI) due to the low doses of GR90 and non-significant RIs. The R A. hybridus population investigated was resistant to ALS inhibitors chlorimuron-ethyl and metsulfuron-ethyl (SUL), but susceptible to IMI and TRI herbicides.

Resumo: Este estudo buscou discutir a inserção de Profissionais de Educação Física (PEFS) em Políticas Públicas de Saúde (PPS) e analisar as relações entre núcleo e campo. Para a produção de dados foram realizadas visitas ao Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) e equipe de Práticas Integrativas Complementares em Saúde (PICs). Também realizamos entrevistas em profundidade, observações e anotações em diário de campo, empregando-se Análise Temática do material empírico. O estudo apontou que existem similaridades e diferenças nas práticas dos profissionais atuando nas PPS que transcendem o núcleo da Educação Física, sendo que buscam sempre uma maior aproximação com o campo da Saúde. Os achados revelam o potencial da construção de uma Clínica da Educação Física que esteja conectada com as necessidades de saúde da população usuária.

Abstract: This study sought to discuss the insertion of Physical Education Professionals (PEFS) in Public Health Policies (PPS), analyzing the tensions between the nucleus and the field from their entry into policies such as the Family Health Support Center, Health Academy Program and Complementary Integrative Practices in Health team. To produce data, visits to health services, in-depth interviews, observations and notes in a field diary were carried out, using Thematic Analysis of the empirical material. The study pointed out that there are similarities and differences in the practices of professionals working in PPS that transcend the Physical Education nucleus, always seeking a closer relationship with the field of Health. The findings revealed the potential of building a Physical Education Clinic that relates to the health needs of the user population.

Resumen: Este estudio ha buscado discutir la inserción de Profesionales de Educación Física (PEFS) en Políticas Públicas de Salud (PPS) y analizar las relaciones entre núcleo y campo. Para producir los datos se realizaron visitas al Núcleo de Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia (NASF), al Programa Academia de la Salud (PAS) y al equipo de Prácticas Integrativas Complementarias en Salud (PICs). También realizamos entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones y anotaciones en un diario de campo, utilizando Análisis Temático del material empírico. El estudio mostró que existen semejanzas y diferencias en las prácticas de los profesionales que actúan en las PPS que trascienden el núcleo de la Educación Física y buscan siempre una mayor aproximación con el campo de la salud, lo que revela el potencial para la construcción de una Clínica de la Educación Física que esté conectada con las necesidades de salud de la población usuaria.

Abstract: Thermal reemission affects satellite orbits when a recoil force results from the emission of radiation from the satellite surface. In this study, the analysis of the thermal reemission force on the satellite is made separately, that is, when the satellite (CBERS 04A’s main body and the solar panels) are hit by the sunlight and when the satellite is into the shadow. Thus, it is presented an expression in an exponential form in order to explain the behavior of the perturbation due to thermal reemission on the panels when they are inside the Earth’s shadow. Both the time spent into the shadow and the relaxation time of the solar panels allowed an analysis of the behavior of the disturbing acceleration and of the orbital elements, during cooling and heating processes. The results presented in this study are promising in terms of practical applications.

Resumo Foi avaliada a epidemiologia, hematologia e patologia das infecções por Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Platynosomum illiciens, vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e das coinfecções em gatos não domiciliados em uma área endêmica para leishmaniose. O diagnóstico foi realizado por exames sorológicos e necropsia. Foram descritas lesões macroscópicas e achados histopatológicos. Usaram-se imuno-histoquímica e hibridização cromogênica in situ para detecção de L. infantum. Encontrou-se infecção em 27 dos 50 gatos amostrados, dentre eles, 14 apresentavam coinfecções. Foi observada forte correlação entre esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia com FeLV, e associação entre lesões hepáticas e caquexia com parasitismo por P. illiciens. Além disso, foi encontrado um aumento significativo na contagem de monócitos nos animais infectados pelo FeLV e uma diminuição na contagem de hemácias nos animais infectados pelo FIV. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. e alterações teciduais foram detectadas em órgãos linfoides de um animal coinfectado com P. illiciens, T. gondii e FIV. O poliparasitismo registrado em gatos errantes do Centro-Oeste brasileiro deve ser considerado nas estratégias de controle de zoonoses. Além disso, gatos errantes de Campo Grande podem ser fontes de infecção de FIV, FeLV e P. illiciens para populações de gatos domiciliados.

Abstract We evaluated the epidemiological, hematological, and pathological data of Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Platynosomum illiciens, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections and the coinfections in stray cats of an endemic area for leishmaniasis. The diagnosis was performed by serological tests and necropsy. We described gross lesions and histopathological findings. We used immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization for L. infantum detection. We found infection in 27 out of 50 sampled cats, among them, 14 presented coinfections. A strong correlation between splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly with FeLV, and an association between hepatic lesions and cachexia with parasitism due to P. illiciens were observed. Moreover, we found a significant increase in the monocyte count in the FeLV-infected and a decrease in the red blood cell count in the FIV-infected animals. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. and tissue changes were detected in lymphoid organs of an animal coinfected with P. illiciens, T. gondii, and FIV. Polyparasitism recorded in stray cats of the Brazilian Midwest should be considered in effective control strategies for public health diseases. Moreover, stray cats of Campo Grande may be a source of infection of FIV, FeLV and P. illiciens for populations of domiciled cats.